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author Josef 'Jeff' Sipek <jeffpc@josefsipek.net>
date Thu, 19 Mar 2009 16:41:53 -0400
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1 \documentclass{beamer}
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3 \usepackage{beamerthemeshadow}
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5 \title{XFS --- The Black Leather Jacket of filesystems}
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6 \author{Josef ``Jeff'' Sipek\\ $<$jeffpc@josefsipek.net$>$}
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7 \date{March 19, 2009}
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9 \begin{document}
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10 \frame{\titlepage}
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12 %\AtBeginSection[]
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13 %{
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14 %\begin{frame}
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15 % \frametitle{Outline}
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16 % \tableofcontents[currentsection]
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17 %\end{frame}
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18 %}
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20 \section{History}
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21 \begin{frame}
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22 \frametitle{History: Stoneage (1992)}
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23 \begin{itemize}
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24 \item<2-> Berkeley's FFS was state of the art
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25 \item<3-> SGI's IRIX had EFS (FFS with extents)
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26 \item<4-> Many limitations
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27 \begin{itemize}
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28 \item<5-> Small file sizes (2 GB)
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29 \item<6-> Small filesystem sizes (8GB)
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30 \item<7-> Statically allocated metadata
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31 \item<8-> Long recovery times
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32 \item<9-> Slow operations on large directories
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33 \item<10-> No extended attributes
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34 \item<11-> No access control lists
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35 \end{itemize}
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36 \end{itemize}
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37 \end{frame}
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39 \begin{frame}
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40 \frametitle{History: Enlightenment (1993)}
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41 \begin{itemize}
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42 \item<2-> SGI makes XFS
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43 \begin{itemize}
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44 \item<3-> 'X' being a variable
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45 \item<4-> To be replaced later
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46 \item<5-> Name stuck
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47 \end{itemize}
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48 \item<6-> Radically departs from traditional filesystems
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49 \end{itemize}
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50 \end{frame}
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51
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52 %
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53 % Features
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54 %
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55 \section{Features}
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56 \begin{frame}
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57 \frametitle{Features: Allocation}
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58 \begin{itemize}
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59 \item<2-> Delayed allocation
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60 \begin{itemize}
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61 \item<3-> Allocate on flush
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62 \item<3-> Write reserves disk space, decide where later
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63 \end{itemize}
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64 \item<4-> Pre-allocation
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65 \begin{itemize}
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66 \item<5-> Reserve space before it is written
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67 \item<5-> Minimizes fragmentation
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68 \end{itemize}
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69 \item<6-> Direct I/O support
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70 \begin{itemize}
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71 \item<6-> Currently only Linux fs with parallel direct I/O
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72 \end{itemize}
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73 \item<7-> Stripe aware allocator
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74 \end{itemize}
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75 \end{frame}
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77 \begin{frame}
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78 \frametitle{Features: Inodes}
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79 \begin{itemize}
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80 \item<2-> Dynamically allocated in clusters
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81 \item<3-> Inode size is mkfs option
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82 \begin{itemize}
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83 \item<3-> 256 Byte (default) -- 2 kByte (max)
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84 \end{itemize}
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85 \item<4-> Extended Attributes
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86 \begin{itemize}
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87 \item<5-> $<$name, value$>$ pairs
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88 \item<6-> Used by ACLs, Capabilities, SELinux, DMAPI
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89 \end{itemize}
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90 \end{itemize}
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91 \end{frame}
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93 \begin{frame}
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94 \frametitle{Features: Other}
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95 \begin{itemize}
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96 \item<2-> B+Trees
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97 \item<3-> 64-bit
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98 \item<4-> Variable block size (512 Bytes -- 64 kB)
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99 \begin{itemize}
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100 \item 512 Bytes -- \texttt{\textbf{PAGE\_SIZE}}
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101 \end{itemize}
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102 \item<5-> Allocation Groups
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103 \item<6-> Lots of utilities
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104 \item<7-> Direct I/O
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105 \item<8-> DMAPI
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106 \item<9-> Extended Attributes/ACL
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107 \item<10-> Online fs growth
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108 \item<11-> Very fast repair time
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109 \item<12-> Amazingly fast
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110 \end{itemize}
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111 \end{frame}
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112
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113 \begin{frame}
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114 \frametitle{Why not use ext2?}
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115 \begin{itemize}
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116 \item<2-> Does not keep a journal
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117 \begin{itemize}
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118 \item<3-> fsck mandatory to recover after a crash
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119 \item<4-> fsck is dog slow
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120 \end{itemize}
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121 \end{itemize}
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122 \end{frame}
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123
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124 \begin{frame}
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125 \frametitle{Why not use ext3?}
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126 \begin{itemize}
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127 \item<2-> 16TB filesystem limit
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128 \begin{itemize}
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129 \item<3-> Used to be 8TB until about 2 years ago
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130 \end{itemize}
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131 \item<4-> fsck is dog slow, although not as frequently
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132 needed as with ext2
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133 \end{itemize}
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134 \end{frame}
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135
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136 \begin{frame}[fragile]
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137 \frametitle{Why not use ext4?}
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138 \begin{itemize}
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139 \item<2-> Not considered mature/stable
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140 \item<3-> \emph{Many} cases still not properly handled
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141 \item<4-> fsck is dog slow, although not as frequently
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142 needed as with ext2
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143 \item<5-> User-space still limited to 16TB
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144 \end{itemize}
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145 \uncover<6->{\begin{exampleblock}{}
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146 This is the next generation of the ext3 filesystem.\\
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147 ...\\
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148 If unsure, say N.
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149 \end{exampleblock}}
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150 \end{frame}
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151
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152 \begin{frame}
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153 \frametitle{Why not use Reiserfs?}
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154 \begin{itemize}
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155 \item<2-> Not very actively maintained
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156 \item<3-> ``Forgotten''
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157 \end{itemize}
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158 \end{frame}
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159
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160 \begin{frame}
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161 \frametitle{Why not use JFS?}
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162 \begin{itemize}
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163 \item<2-> Doesn't perform as well as it should
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164 \item<3-> Not as actively maintained as developed
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165 \item<4-> The maintainer contributes the odd fix
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166 \end{itemize}
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167 \end{frame}
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168
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169 \begin{frame}
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170 \frametitle{Why not use btrfs?}
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171 \begin{itemize}
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172 \item<2-> Not stable/mature
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173 \end{itemize}
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174 \end{frame}
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175
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176 \begin{frame}
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177 \frametitle{Why \textit{use} XFS?}
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178 \begin{itemize}
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179 \item<2-> Stable, mature codebase
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180 \begin{itemize}
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181 \item<3-> Oldest journaling filesystem on Linux
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182 \end{itemize}
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183 \item<4-> Very well performing
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184 \item<5-> Very fast repair time (for the times you need it)
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185 \item<6-> DMAPI support (for HSM)
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186 \end{itemize}
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187 %% That all sounds great, but is using XFS really worth it? Well, let me show
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188 %% you an example... Once upon a time, there was a system admin.
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189 \end{frame}
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190
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191 \begin{frame}
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192 \frametitle{Why \emph{not} use it?}
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193 \begin{itemize}
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194 \item<2-> No data journaling
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195 \item<3-> Got time to waste waiting for fsck to finish running
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196 \item<4-> Don't like leather jackets
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197 \end{itemize}
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198 \end{frame}
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199
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200 %
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201 % Demos
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202 %
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203 \newcommand{\demo}[1]{\begin{frame}\frametitle{#1}\begin{center}Demo\end{center}\end{frame}}
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204
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205 \section{Demos}
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206 \demo{\texttt{\textbf{mkfs}} \& \texttt{\textbf{mount}}}
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207 \demo{\texttt{\textbf{xfs\_check}} \& \texttt{\textbf{xfs\_repair}}}
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208 \demo{\texttt{\textbf{xfs\_growfs}}}
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209 \demo{\texttt{\textbf{xfsdump}} \& \texttt{\textbf{xfsrestore}}}
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210 \demo{\texttt{\textbf{xfs\_bmap}}}
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211 \demo{\texttt{\textbf{xfs\_io}}}
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212 \demo{\texttt{\textbf{xfs\_quota}}}
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213 \demo{\texttt{\textbf{xfs\_admin}}}
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214 \demo{\texttt{\textbf{xfs\_freeze}}}
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215
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216 %
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217 % Wrap-up
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218 %
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219 \section{}
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220 \begin{frame}
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221 \frametitle{Questions?}
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222 \begin{center}
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223 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{xfs.eps}
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224 \end{center}
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225 \end{frame}
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226
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227 \begin{frame}
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228 \frametitle{More info/Resources/Thanks}
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229 \begin{itemize}
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230 \item \url{http://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/}
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231 \item \url{http://www.xfs.org}
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232 \item \url{xfs@oss.sgi.com}
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233 \item \url{http://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/papers/ukuug2003.pdf}
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234 \item \url{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_file_systems}
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235 \item Martin K. Petersen for the apt description of XFS
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236 \end{itemize}
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237 \end{frame}
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238
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239 %
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240 % Extra slides
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241 %
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242 \section{Extra stuff}
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243 \begin{frame}
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244 \frametitle{ext4 faults}
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245 \begin{itemize}
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246 \item Where do I even \emph{begin}?!
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247 \item<2-> Does not compact extents
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248 \item<3-> ...
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249 \end{itemize}
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250 \end{frame}
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251
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252 \begin{frame}
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253 \frametitle{What are extents?}
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254 \begin{itemize}
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255 \item<1-> Suppose you need to keep track of what blocks belong
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256 to a file
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257 \item<2-> Naturally: $<$offset, block nr$>$
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258 \end{itemize}
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259 \end{frame}
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260 \begin{frame} % should be continuation of previous frame
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261 \frametitle{What are extents?}
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262 (FIXME: graphic showing a file with blocks pointing to blocks on disk)
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263 \end{frame}
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264 \begin{frame} % should be continuation of previous frame
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265 \frametitle{What are extents?}
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266 \begin{itemize}
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267 % continue list from before
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268 \item<1-> All works well...
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269 \item<2-> ...unless you have millions of blocks (1 million 4K
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270 blocks is 4GB)
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271 \item<3-> Extents express a range of blocks instead of a single
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272 block
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273 \item<4-> Rely on the fact that many times, blocks are
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274 contiguously used within a file
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275 \item<5-> For example: $<$offset, nr blocks, block nr$>$
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276 \end{itemize}
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277 \end{frame}
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278 \begin{frame} % should be continuation of previous frame
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279 \frametitle{What are extents?}
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280 (FIXME: graphic showing a file with an extent instead of many
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281 pointers)
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282 \end{frame}
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283
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284 \end{document}